Compare San Marino (2007) - Tonga (2003)

Compare San Marino (2007) z Tonga (2003)

	San Marino (2007)	Tonga (2003)

Administrative divisions	9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle	3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u
Age structure	0-14 years: 16.8% (male 2,573/female 2,404) 15-64 years: 66.1% (male 9,388/female 10,178) 65 years and over: 17.1% (male 2,190/female 2,882) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 38.2% (male 21,085; female 20,265) 15-64 years: 57.6% (male 30,785; female 31,532) 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 1,973; female 2,501) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides	squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish
Airports	-	6 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area	total: 61.2 sq km land: 61.2 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 748 sq km land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC	four times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marino in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy; social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.	The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.
Birth rate	9.89 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	24.51 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $709.6 million expenditures: $672.3 million (2004)	revenues: $39.9 million expenditures: $52.4 million, including capital expenditures of $1.9 million (FY 99/00 est.)
Capital	name: San Marino geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	Nuku'alofa
Climate	Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers	tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	419 km
Constitution	8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution	4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino	conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga conventional short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands
Currency	-	pa'anga (TOP)
Death rate	8.27 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	5.54 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$57.5 million (June 2001)
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino	the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga
Diplomatic representation in the US	San Marino does not have an embassy in the US honorary consulate(s) general: New York, Washington, DC honorary consulate(s): Detroit, Honolulu	chief of mission: Ambassador Sonatane T. T. TUPOU chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (917) 369-1136 FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024 consulate(s) general: San Francisco
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02)
Economy - overview	The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2006 more than 2.1 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.	Tonga has a small, open economy with a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services.
Electricity - consumption	-	25.36 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	-	27.27 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 755 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
Environment - current issues	NA	deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Sammarinese, Italian	Polynesian, Europeans about 300
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002)	pa'anga per US dollar NA (2002), 2.12 (2001), 1.76 (2000), 1.6 (1999), 1.49 (1998)
Executive branch	chief of state: Cochiefs of State Captain Regent Mirko TOMASSONI and Captain Regent Alberto SELVA (for the period 1 October 2007-31 March 2008) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 27 July 2006) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in September 2007 (next to be held in March 2008); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 27 July 2006 (next to be held by 2011) election results: Mirko TOMASSONI and Alberto SELVA elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Fiorenzo STOLFI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime ministerial roles	chief of state: King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965) head of government: Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since NA February 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister Tevita TOPOU (since NA January 2001) cabinet: Cabinet, appointed by the monarch, consists of 12 members note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the Cabinet, and two governors elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch
Exports	$1.291 billion (2004)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics	squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops
Exports - partners	-	Japan 43.2%, US 41.2%, Greece 4% (2002)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)	red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $236 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 26% industry: 12% services: 62% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4.6% (2004 est.)	3% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	43 46 N, 12 25 E	20 00 S, 175 00 W
Geography - note	landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines	archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited)
Highways	-	total: 680 km paved: 184 km unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$2.035 billion (2004)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	wide variety of consumer manufactures, food	foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners	-	New Zealand 30.8%, Fiji 20.7%, US 14.2%, Australia 13.2%, China 6.1% (2002)
Independence	3 September AD 301	4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Industrial production growth rate	5.6% (2005 est.)	8.6% (FY 98/99)
Industries	tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine	tourism, fishing
Infant mortality rate	total: 5.53 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.96 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	total: 13.35 deaths/1,000 live births male: 14.75 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-1.5% (2006)	8.4% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	CE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO	ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court)
Labor force	20,470 (2004)	33,908 (1996)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 0.2% industry: 40.1% services: 59.7% (2006 est.)	agriculture 65% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 39 km border countries: Italy 39 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 0% other: 83.33% (2005)	arable land: 23.61% permanent crops: 43.06% other: 33.33% (1998 est.)
Languages	Italian	Tongan, English
Legal system	based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on English law
Legislative branch	unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 4 June 2006 (next to be held by June 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 32.9%, Party of Socialists and Democrats 31.9%, APDS 11.9%, United Left 8.7%, New Socialist Party 5.4%, other parties 9.2%; seats by party - PDCS 21, Party of Socialists and Democrats 20, APDS 7, United Left 5, New Socialist Party 3, others 4	unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held 7 March 2002 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - pro-democratic 70%; seats - pro-democratic 7, traditionalist 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 81.8 years male: 78.33 years female: 85.57 years (2007 est.)	total population: 68.88 years male: 66.43 years female: 71.44 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95%	definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English total population: 98.5% male: 98.4% female: 98.7% (1996 est.)
Location	Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy	Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references	Europe	Oceania
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	total: 78 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 250,020 GRT/350,055 DWT ships by type: bulk 6, cargo 44, chemical tanker 4, container 1, liquefied gas 5, livestock carrier 2, petroleum tanker 9, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Albania 1, Australia 4, Austria 1, Bolivia 1, Cyprus 1, Djibouti 1, Egypt 2, Greece 4, Lebanon 2, Liberia 2, Marshall Islands 2, Morocco 1, Norway 1, Panama 1, Romania 3, Russia 1, Sao Tome and Principe 1, Saudi Arabia 2, Singapore 1, Sweden 1, Switzerland 3, Syria 5, Ukraine 1, UAE 16, US 4 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Italy	-
Military branches	no regular military forces; Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar) performs ceremonial duties and limited police functions (2006)	Tonga Defense Services (made up of three operational command components and two support elements, including the Royal Marines, Royal Guards, Maritime Force, a support/logistics group, and a training group), Police; note - a new air wing that will be subordinate to the Ministry of Defense is being developed
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA	NA%
National holiday	Founding of the Republic, 3 September (AD 301)	Independence Day, 4 June (1970)
Nationality	noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese	noun: Tongan(s) adjective: Tongan
Natural hazards	NA	cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Natural resources	building stone	fish, fertile soil
Net migration rate	10.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [Glauco SANSOVINI]; New Socialist Party [Augusto CASALI]; Party of Socialists and Democrats [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Pier Marino MENICUCCI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]; United Left	there are no political parties
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement or THRDM [Akilisi POHIVA, president]
Population	29,615 (July 2007 est.)	108,141 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	1.219% (2007 est.)	1.9% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2001)
Railways	-	0 km
Religions	Roman Catholic	Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.922 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.915 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	21 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate connections domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (1996)
Telephones - main lines in use	21,000 (2006)	8,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular	17,390 (2006)	302 (1996)
Television broadcast stations	1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)	2 (2001)
Terrain	rugged mountains	most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Total fertility rate	1.34 children born/woman (2007 est.)	3 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	3.8% (2004)	13.3% (1996 est.)
Waterways	-	none

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